In the decades spanning the 16th and 18th centuries, Cuba’s Spanish rulers built a series of imposing forts to repel rampaging buccaneers from raiding the Spanish treasure fleets in the Bay of Havana, and to fence out the English. Five hundred years on, these muscular fortresses still dominate Havana’s harbour, and have come to symbolise the city – they even appear on the city’s coat of arms.
El Morro Castle, and its lighthouse, is the most iconic and the city’s emblem. This impressive stone and coral fort, complete with cannons, defended the eastern headland of Havana Bay from pirate attacks until the end of the 18th century, when the British captured the city.
The fortress houses a display on the Italian engineers and builders of the castle. You can also climb the 19th-century lighthouse for a view of the city and Malecón.